Diamandis's newest startup, Celularity, is emerging from stealth mode Thursday. The company is working on finding a remedy to many of the world's worst illnesses within an unlikely source: human placentas. The entrepreneur claims that by extracting stem cells from those placentas, Celularity will be able to fight disease as well as slow down the aging process, thus extending the human life span. It's already begun FDA-approved clinical trials on humans and is aiming to go to market with some of its therapies as soon as this year.

"We want to give you the cognition, the aesthetics, and the mobility at 100 that you had at 60," Diamandis says. "The implications of this are going to be massive."